Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI)
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Understanding RTI
Respiratory infections happen when viruses and bacteria invade our respiratory system. These pathogens, including influenza viruses, coronavirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), find a way in, often through the air we breathe. Once inside, they settle in our nasal passages, throat, or lungs. This invasion triggers our immune system to fight back, causing inflammation and the typical signs of an infection.
Our body’s response to these invaders can affect how we feel in significant ways. For instance, when the immune system battles against pathogens like adenovirus, rhinovirus, or parainfluenza virus, it can lead to swelling in the affected areas. This swelling is our body’s attempt to rid itself of the infection. But it can also lead to discomfort and sometimes more severe complications, especially in young children, the elderly, or those with weakened immune systems.
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Common Types & Symptoms
Often caused by rhinovirus, it’s a mild upper respiratory infection. Symptoms include a runny nose and sore throat.
Caused by influenza A and influenza B viruses, this can lead to more severe symptoms and complications, especially in high-risk groups.
This lower respiratory tract infection can be caused by bacteria like Mycoplasma pneumoniae or viruses, including coronavirus and influenza.
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often following a cold or flu. It can be acute or chronic.
Particularly dangerous for young children and the elderly, RSV can lead to serious respiratory issues like bronchiolitis.
A viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, it has led to a global pandemic. Symptoms range widely from mild to severe respiratory distress.
Caused by Bordetella pertussis, this bacterial infection leads to severe coughing fits.
A serious bacterial infection affecting the lungs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Similar to RSV, this virus is a common cause of respiratory infections in children and can lead to conditions like bronchiolitis and pneumonia in susceptible individuals.
These viruses can cause various respiratory symptoms, especially in children. They’re known for being highly contagious.
Upper Respiratory Infection (URTIs)
Affect the nose, sinuses, throat, larynx, or pharynx. Usually viral and short-lived.
- Examples: common cold, sinusitis, sore throat, laryngitis
- Symptoms: runny/blocked nose, sneezing, sore throat, hoarse voice, mild cough, headache, low fever
- Severity: typically mild, resolve within 7–10 days, antibiotics rarely needed
Lower Respiratory Infection (LRTIs)
Affect the lungs and lower airways. Can be viral or bacterial, often more serious.
- Examples: bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, tuberculosis
- Symptoms: persistent or productive cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, wheezing, high fever, fatigue
- Severity: range from mild to life-threatening, higher risk of complications in elderly, children, or those with chronic conditions
How can we help
Most cases are mild and resolve on their own within a week or two. However, symptoms can sometimes be severe or signal a more serious infection. If you continue to experience symptoms, don’t hesitate to follow up with your regular GP. Don’t let respiratory infections get in your way.
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